摘要

       抗生素的过度使用和随意丢弃扩大了抗生素耐药性库，从肠道、废水和活性污泥，到土壤、淡水甚至海洋。基于结构化的抗生素抗性基因数据库和二代测序，首次采用宏基因组分析方法检测和量化华南水稻土中的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。共鉴定出 16 种 ARG，对应 110 个 ARG 亚型。水稻土中ARGs的丰度和分布模式与活性污泥和原始深海沉积物中的显着不同，但与人类影响河口的沉积物接近。多药耐药基因是所有样品中最主要的类型（38-47.5%），检测到的 ARGs 包括三种主要的耐药机制，其中外排泵的挤出占主导地位。冗余分析（RDA）显示pH值与ARG亚型分布显着相关（P < 0.05）。我们的研究结果提供了水稻土壤中 ARGs 的广谱分布，表明 ARGs 在华南水稻土壤中广泛存在。

       Overuse and arbitrary discarding of antibiotics have expanded antibiotic resistance reservoirs, from gut, waste water and activated sludge, to soil, freshwater and even the ocean. Based on the structured Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database and next generation sequencing, metagenomic analysis was used for the first time to detect and quantify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in paddy soils from South China. A total of 16 types of ARGs were identified, corresponding to 110 ARG subtypes. The abundances and distribution pattern of ARGs in paddy soil were distinctively different from those in activated sludge and pristine deep ocean sediment, but close to those of sediment from human-impacted estuaries. Multidrug resistance genes were the most dominant type (38–47.5%) in all samples, and the ARGs detected encompassed the three major resistance mechanisms, among which extrusion by efflux pumps was predominant. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that pH was significantly correlated with the distribution of ARG subtypes (P < 0.05). Our results provided a broad spectrum profile of ARGs in paddy soil, indicating that ARGs are widespread in paddy soils of South China.

https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/92/3/fiw023/2470108?login=true