摘要

       为了了解制药废水处理生物反应器中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的多样性和丰度，对来自两个大型制药废水处理厂 (PWWTP) 的污泥中的 ARG 进行了调查，并与来自三个污水处理厂 (STP) 的污泥样品进行了比较使用宏基因组学方法。结果表明，PWWTP污泥中ARG丰度为54.7~585.0 ppm，高于STP污泥中的27.2~86.4 ppm。此外，PWWTP好氧污泥（153个亚型）中ARGs的多样性高于STP好氧污泥（118个亚型）。此外，发现 PWWTP 好氧污泥中 ARGs 的分布与 STP 好氧污泥中的相似，但与 PWWTP 厌氧污泥中的不同，表明溶解氧（DO）可能是影响 ARGs 分布的重要因素之一。 ARGs。在污水处理厂好氧污泥中，经常检测到氨基糖苷类、磺胺类和多药耐药基因。而四环素、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉菌素和多肽抗性基因在PWWTP厌氧污泥中大量存在。此外，我们研究了 PWWTP 污泥中的微生物群落以及微生物群落与 ARG 之间的相关性。并且，发现了 ARG 类型与七个细菌属之间的显着相关性。此外，还检查了移动遗传元件（MGEs）并观察了 PWWTP 污泥中 ARGs 和 MGEs 之间的相关性。总的来说，我们的结果表明，可能受 DO 影响的微生物群落和 MGEs 可能是影响 PWWTP 污泥中 ARGs 分布的主要因素。

       To understand the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment bioreactors, the ARGs in sludge from two full-scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) were investigated and compared with sludge samples from three sewage treatment plants (STPs) using metagenomic approach. The results showed that the ARG abundances in PWWTP sludge ranged from 54.7 to 585.0 ppm, which were higher than those in STP sludge (27.2 to 86.4 ppm). Moreover, the diversity of ARGs in PWWTP aerobic sludge (153 subtypes) was higher than that in STP aerobic sludge (118 subtypes). In addition, it was found that the profiles of ARGs in PWWTP aerobic sludge were similar to those in STP aerobic sludge but different from those in PWWTP anaerobic sludge, suggesting that dissolve oxygen (DO) could be one of the important factors affecting the profiles of ARGs. In PWWTP aerobic sludge, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide and multidrug resistance genes were frequently detected. While, tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin and polypeptide resistance genes were abundantly present in PWWTP anaerobic sludge. Furthermore, we investigated the microbial community and the correlation between microbial community and ARGs in PWWTP sludge. And, significant correlations between ARG types and seven bacterial genera were found. In addition, the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were also examined and correlations between the ARGs and MGEs in PWWTP sludge were observed. Collectively, our results suggested that the microbial community and MGEs, which could be affected by DO, might be the main factors shaping the profiles of ARGs in PWWTP sludge.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156854