摘要

       抗生素耐药性的高频率是全球公共卫生问题。更严重的是，环境中普遍存在的金属压力可能通过抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和金属抗性基因 (MRG) 的共选促进抗生素抗性的扩散。鉴于缺乏对 ARG 和 MRG 共选择的全面了解，在本研究中，通过对大型完整基因组集合进行基因组分析，对 ARG 和 MRG 之间的丰度关系和遗传联系进行了严格研究。与那些受到较少人为干扰的细菌相比，更多的 ARG 富含人类相关细菌。 ARG 和 MRG 共存的特征更频繁，并且 ARG 和 MRG 之间的距离联系在人类病原体中比那些与人类相关的细菌更密切。此外，栖息地划分中的共生结构显着不同，这可能归因于它们不同的基因转移潜力。人类病原体基因组上更多的外源性 ARG 和 MRG 表明最近获得抗性在人类共生菌群的抗性组发育中的重要性。总体而言，该研究强调了与环境和医学相关性的 ARG 和 MRG 联合选择相关的潜在风险。

       The high frequency of antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern. More seriously, widespread metal pressure in the environment may facilitate the proliferation of antibiotic resistance via coselection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). Given the lack of comprehensive understanding of the ARG and MRG coselection, in this study both abundance relationship and genetic linkage between ARGs and MRGs were rigorously investigated by performing a genomic analysis of a large complete genome collection. Many more ARGs were enriched in human-associated bacteria compared with those subjected to less anthropogenic interference. The signatures of ARG and MRG co-occurrence were much more frequent and the distance linkages between ARGs and MRGs were much more intimate in human pathogens than those less human-associated bacteria. Moreover, the co-occurrence structures in the habitat divisions were significantly different, which could be attributed to their distinct gene transfer potentials. More exogenous ARGs and MRGs on the genomes of human pathogens indicated the importance of recent resistance acquisition in resistome development of human commensal flora. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential risk associated with ARG and MRG coselection of both environmental and medical relevance.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej2016155