摘要

       抗生素抗性细菌的流行和增殖对人类健康极为重要，但水生环境对抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 传播的贡献程度知之甚少。使用独立于培养的方法在从德国和澳大利亚收集的地表水样品中评估了 24 种 ARG 对八种抗生素类别（β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、糖肽类、氯霉素、四环素、大环内酯类、甲氧苄啶和磺胺类）的流行率。在德国和澳大利亚最常检测到的 ARG 是 sulI、sulII（77-100%）和 dfrA1（43-55%），它们编码对磺胺和甲氧苄啶的抗性。大环内酯类抗性基因 ermB 在德国 (68%) 的地表水中比澳大利亚 (18%) 更为普遍。相比之下，氯霉素抗性基因 catII 在澳大利亚（64%）比德国（9%）更频繁地被检测到。同样，β-内酰胺类抗性基因 ampC 在澳大利亚（36%）的样本中比德国（19%）更普遍。这项研究强调了磺胺、甲氧苄啶、大环素、β-内酰胺和氯霉素在水生生态系统中的广泛分布。因此，水生生态系统可能是 ARGs 基因的储存库，这些基因可能从共生微生物转移到人类病原体。

       The prevalence and proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria is profoundly important to human health, but the extent to which aquatic environments contribute toward the dissemination of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) is poorly understood. The prevalence of 24 ARGs active against eight antibiotic classes (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, chloramphenicols, tetracycline, macrolides, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides) was evaluated in surface water samples collected from Germany and Australia with culture independent methods. The ARGs most frequently detected both in Germany and Australia were sulI, sulII (77–100%), and dfrA1 (43–55%) which code for resistance to sulfonamide and trimethoprim. Macrolides resistance gene ermB was relatively more prevalent in the surface water from Germany (68%) than Australia (18%). In contrast, the chloramphenicol resistance gene catII was more frequently detected in Australia (64%) than Germany (9%). Similarly, β-lactams resistance gene ampC was more prevalent in the samples from Australia (36%) than Germany (19%). This study highlights wide distribution of ARGs for sulfonamide, trimethoprim, macroline, β-lactams and chloramphenicol in the aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems can therefore be reservoirs of ARGs genes which could potentially be transferred from commensal microorganisms to human pathogens.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es302020s