摘要

       将含有抗生素残留的动物粪便作为有机肥施用于农田，对农田生态环境造成长期的潜在威胁。本研究分析了在农田土壤中施用猪粪减少典型抗生素和抗性基因（ARGs）对土壤生态系统多功能性（EMF）的影响及其影响因素。结果表明，与单独使用相比，黑麦草与生物炭联合使用时对典型抗生素和 ARGs 的抑制作用显着更强（p < 0.05）。抗生素的消散显着增强了土壤功能（呼吸、氨化和硝化活性）（p < 0.05）。建立结构方程模型以探讨不同处理系统中减少抗生素和 ARGs 对土壤 EMF 的影响。单独用黑麦草和与 biochar 组合处理植物根对物理结构和 EMF 产生直接的积极影响 (p < 0.001)。土壤物理结构的改善直接促进了抗生素和 ARGs 的减少（p < 0.01）。施用生物炭后土壤pH值和微量元素对抗生素和ARGs的影响较弱。植物根系是促进含抗生素和 ARGs 土壤 EMF 的最重要因素。

       The application of animal manure containing antibiotic residues to farmlands as an organic fertilizer causes a long-term potential threat to the ecological environment of farmland. This study analyzed the effects of abating typical antibiotics and resistance genes (ARGs) applied with pig manure on farmland soil as well as on soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) and its influencing factor. The results showed that Lolium multiflorum exhibited significantly stronger abatement of typical antibiotics and ARGs when combined with biochar than when used alone (p < 0.05). The dissipation of antibiotics significantly enhanced the soil functions (respiratory, ammonification, and nitrification activities) (p < 0.05). A structural equation model was established to explore the effects of abating antibiotics and ARGs in different treatment systems on soil EMF. The treatment of plant roots with ryegrass alone and in combination with biochar exerted direct positive effects on the physical structure and EMF (p < 0.001). The improvement in soil physical structure directly promoted the abatement of antibiotics and ARGs (p < 0.01). Soil pH and trace elements exerted weaker effects on antibiotics and ARGs after the application of biochar. Plant roots were the most important factor in promoting the EMF of soil containing antibiotics and ARGs.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00693