摘要

       污水处理厂 (WWTP) 是抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的重要来源，它们可以通过与污水处理厂排放的污水一起到达河流而在环境中进一步传播。在这项研究中，未处理和处理过的废水（UWW、TWW）、上游和下游河水（URW、DRW）从 4 个 WWTP 收集，在冬季和秋季。在水和废水样品中分析了对 β-内酰胺和四环素具有抗性的 ARB 的出现以及这些类别抗生素的存在。此外，还测定了 12 个 ARG、2 个移动遗传元件 (MGE) 基因、识别大肠杆菌的基因 uidA 和 16S rRNA 的数量。水和废水样品中 ARB 对 β-内酰胺的耐药性占主导地位（占细菌总数的 82-88%）。水和废水样品中的显性基因是blaTEM、tetA、sul1。 blaOXA 基因在两个季节收集的样本中表现出其浓度的高度可变性。尽管在废水处理过程中观察到 ARB 和 ARGs 浓度的降低百分比很高，但它们的大量仍然会传输到环境中。研究重点是污水处理厂在水环境中 ARGs 和 MGEs 传播中的作用。

       Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant source of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can spread further in the environment by reaching rivers together with effluents discharged from WWTPs. In this study untreated and treated wastewater (UWW, TWW), upstream and downstream river water (URW, DRW) were collected from 4 WWTPs, in the winter and autumn seasons. The occurrence of ARB resistant to beta-lactams and tetracyclines as well as the presence of antibiotics from these classes were analysed in water and wastewater samples. Additionally, the amounts of 12 ARGs, 2 genes of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), gene uidA identifying E. coli and 16S rRNA were also determined. Resistance to beta-lactams prevailed among ARB in water and wastewater samples (constituting 82–88% of total counts of bacteria). The dominant genes in water and wastewater samples were blaTEM, tetA, sul1. The gene blaOXA demonstrated high variability of its concentration in samples collected in both seasons. Despite the high per cent reduction of ARB and ARGs concentration observed during the wastewater treatment processes, their large quantities are still transmitted into the environment. The research focuses on WWTPs’ role in the dissemination of ARGs and MGEs in the aquatic environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389419311756