摘要

       抗生素是用于人类和兽医治疗的最成功的一组药物之一。然而，由于人体代谢不完全或未使用的抗生素的处理，大量抗生素被释放到城市废水中，最终进入不同的自然环境区室。抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 的出现和快速传播导致人们越来越关注潜在的环境和公共健康风险。 ARB 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 已在废水样品中广泛检测到。现有数据显示，与地表水相比，原废水和处理过的废水中抗生素抗性细菌的比例要高得多。根据这些研究，污水处理厂 (WWTP) 的条件有利于 ARB 的扩散。此外，关于 ARB 和 ARG 存在的另一个问题是它们从污水中的有效去除。本综述概述了有关 ARB 和 ARGs 的发生及其在污水处理厂中的归宿的可用数据，以及处理检测细菌种群及其抗性基因的生物学方法，并强调了需要进一步研究的领域。

       Antibiotics are one of the most successful group of drugs used in human and veterinary treatment. However, due to the incomplete metabolism of the human body or the treatment of unused antibiotics, a large amount of antibiotics are released into urban wastewater and eventually enter different natural environment compartments. The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) has led to increasing attention to potential environmental and public health risks. ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) have been widely detected in wastewater samples. Existing data show that compared with surface water, the proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in raw wastewater and treated wastewater is much higher. According to these studies, the conditions of the sewage treatment plant (WWTP) are conducive to the proliferation of ARB. In addition, another problem with ARB and ARG is their effective removal from sewage. This review summarizes the available data on the occurrence of ARB and ARGs and their fate in wastewater treatment plants, as well as the biological methods for processing and detecting bacterial populations and their resistance genes, and highlights areas that require further research. 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651313000328