摘要

       我们通过鸟枪测序和 16S rRNA 基因分析宏基因组方法报告了水产养殖废水样本中病毒和微生物群落的综合特征。尾病毒目在样本中的代表性最大，占总分类丰度的 50% 以上，而鉴定的总开放阅读框 (ORF) 中约有 30% 来自真核病毒（拟杆菌科和藻科病毒科）。病毒组中的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 占病毒 ORF 总数的 0.85%，并且在病毒组和微生物组中的分布相似。在 ARG 中，那些编码参与调节抗生素外排泵的蛋白质是最丰富的。有趣的是，病毒宏基因组中鉴定出的细菌 ORF 的分类并没有反映通过 16S rRNA 基因分析和鸟枪宏基因组分析得出的微生物分类。即使在水产养殖厂内没有任何抗生素处理的情况下，有限数量的 ARG 似乎与其他细菌基因一起从细菌动员到噬菌体，反之亦然，这些基因编码涉及一般代谢功能的产物。因此，这些结果证实了水产养殖环境中存在复杂的噬菌体-细菌网络。

       We used shotgun sequencing and 16S rRNA gene analysis metagenomics methods to report the comprehensive characteristics of virus and microbial communities in aquaculture wastewater samples. Ceratoviridae is the most representative of the samples, accounting for more than 50% of the total taxonomic abundance, and about 30% of the total open reading frames (ORF) identified are from eukaryotic viruses (Bacteroides and Phycoviridae) . Antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the virus group accounted for 0.85% of the total virus ORF, and their distribution in the virus group and microbiome is similar. Among ARGs, those that encode proteins involved in regulating the efflux pump of antibiotics are the most abundant. Interestingly, the classification of bacterial ORFs identified in viral metagenomics does not reflect the classification of microorganisms derived from 16S rRNA gene analysis and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Even in the absence of any antibiotic treatment in the aquaculture plant, a limited number of ARGs seems to be mobilized from bacteria to phages along with other bacterial genes, and vice versa, these genes encode products involved in general metabolic functions. Therefore, these results confirm the existence of a complex phage-bacteria network in the aquaculture environment.

https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/92/3/fiw003/2470093?login=true