摘要

       垃圾填埋场每年接收全球约 3.5 亿吨城市固体废物 (MSW)，包括抗生素和其他影响抗微生物药物耐药性 (AMR) 的共选择剂。然而，人们对垃圾填埋场中的 AMR 知之甚少，尤其是作为垃圾填埋场年龄的函数。在这里，我们量化了不同年龄（<3、10 和 >20 年）垃圾填埋场的垃圾和渗滤液中的抗生素、重金属和 AMR 基因 (ARG)。旧垃圾填埋场的垃圾和渗滤液中的抗生素水平始终较低，而渗滤液中的 ARG 水平随着垃圾填埋场年龄的增加而显着增加（单向方差分析，F = 10.8，P < 0.01）。随着垃圾填埋场老化（单向方差分析，F = 12.3，P < 0.01）含量增加的重金属与渗滤液中 ARG 水平升高（Mantel 测试，R = 0.66，P < 0.01）显着相关，这意味着更多的 AMR 暴露旧垃圾填埋场周围的风险。为了进一步解释 ARGs 随年龄、微生物群落、移动遗传元素 (MGEs) 和环境因素的分布机制，在垃圾和渗滤液样品之间进行了对比。垃圾中的微生物群落与 ARG 含量密切相关（Procrustes 测试；M2 = 0.37，R = 0.86，P < 0.001），而渗滤液中的 ARG 与 MGEs 更相关。

       Landfills receive approximately 350 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) globally each year, including antibiotics and other co-selective agents that affect antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, little is known about AMR in landfills, especially as a function of landfill age. Here, we quantified antibiotics, heavy metals, and AMR genes (ARG) in waste and leachate from landfills of different ages (<3, 10, and >20 years). The level of antibiotics in the waste and leachate of the old landfill is always low, while the level of ARG in the leachate increases significantly with the age of the landfill (one-way analysis of variance, F = 10.8, P < 0.01). With the aging of the landfill (one-way analysis of variance, F = 12.3, P <0.01), the increase of heavy metals is significantly related to the increase in the level of ARG in the leachate (Mantel test, R = 0.66, P <0.01). This means that more AMRs expose the risks around old landfills. To further explain the distribution mechanism of ARGs with age, microbial community, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and environmental factors, a comparison was made between garbage and leachate samples. The microbial community in the garbage is closely related to the ARG content (Procrustes test; M2 = 0.37, R = 0.86, P <0.001), while the ARG in the leachate is more related to MGEs.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b03797