摘要

       关于农业与医疗抗生素的使用是否会导致自然界中抗生素耐药性 (AR) 的增加存在争论。这两个部门在抗生素管理方面一直不一致，但尚不清楚哪个部门对广泛范围内的获得性 AR 影响最大。使用自 1923 年以来在丹麦阿斯科夫实验站存档的 qPCR 和土壤，我们量化了土壤中的四种广谱 β-内酰胺 AR 基因（ARG；blaTEM、blaSHV、blaOXA 和 blaCTX-M）和 1 类整合子基因（int1）施肥 (M) 与无机施肥 (IF) 领域。 1940 年后土壤中 M 与 IF 的“总”β-内酰胺 ARG 水平显着更高（配对 t 检验；p < 0.001）。然而，显性的个体 ARG 随时间变化； blaTEM 和 blaSHV 出现在 1963 年和 1974 年之间，blaOXA 稍晚一些，blaCTX-M 出现在 1988 年以后。这些日期大致与这些基因在临床分离株中的首次报告时间大致平行，这表明动物粪便中的 ARG 和人类在历史上是相互关联的。档案数据进一步显示，当丹麦禁止使用非治疗性抗生素时，M 土壤中的 blaCTX-M 水平下降，这表明通过谨慎的抗生素管理可以减少土壤中积累的 ARG。相反，自 1990 年以来，M 土壤中的 int1 水平继续增加，这意味着应将直接施肥到土壤中作为未来管理计划的一部分进行审查。

       There is controversy as to whether the use of agricultural and medical antibiotics will lead to an increase in antibiotic resistance (AR) in nature. The two departments have been inconsistent in the management of antibiotics, but it is not clear which department has the greatest impact on the broad range of acquired AR. Using qPCR and soil archived at Askov Experimental Station in Denmark since 1923, we quantified four broad-spectrum β-lactam AR genes (ARG; blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTX-M) and 1 The integron-like gene (int1) fertilization (M) and inorganic fertilization (IF) fields. After 1940, the "total" β-lactam ARG levels of M and IF in the soil were significantly higher (paired t-test; p <0.001). However, the dominant individual ARG changes over time; blaTEM and blaSHV appeared between 1963 and 1974, blaOXA was a little later, and blaCTX-M appeared after 1988. These dates are roughly parallel to the time when these genes were first reported in clinical isolates, indicating that ARG in animal feces and humans are historically related. File data further showed that when the use of non-therapeutic antibiotics was banned in Denmark, the level of blaCTX-M in M soil decreased, indicating that prudent antibiotic management can reduce ARG accumulation in soil. On the contrary, since 1990, the int1 level in M soil has continued to increase, which means that direct fertilization into the soil should be reviewed as part of a future management plan.

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep21550?report=reader