摘要

       了解猪粪堆肥过程中兽用抗生素和相关抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的动态变化对于评估抗生素的环境风险至关重要，可以有效减少它们对自然环境的影响。本研究调查了土霉素 (OTC)、磺胺嘧啶 (SM1) 和环丙沙星 (CIP) 的消散以及它们相应的 ARG 在猪粪堆肥过程中的行为。这些抗生素以两种浓度水平和两种不同的添加方法（单一/混合）添加。结果表明，除单一SM1处理外，堆肥对抗生素的去除率≥85%。 42 天后可以有效去除编码核糖体保护蛋白 (RPP) 和外排泵 (EFP) 的四环素抗性基因 (TRG) 和氟喹诺酮抗性基因 (FRG)。相反，编码酶失活 (EI) 和磺胺抗性基因 (SRG) 的 TRG 富集了 31 倍（单低 SM1 中的 sul 2）。统计分析表明，这些类抗生素和 ARGs 的行为受微生物活动控制，并在整个堆肥过程中受到环境因素（主要是 C/N、水分和 pH 值）的显着影响。

       Understanding the dynamic changes of veterinary antibiotics and related antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) during the composting process of pig manure is essential to assess the environmental risks of antibiotics and can effectively reduce their impact on the natural environment. This study investigated the dissipation of oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfadiazine (SM1), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and their corresponding ARG behavior during pig manure composting. These antibiotics are added in two concentration levels and two different addition methods (single/mixed). The results showed that, except for a single SM1 treatment, the removal rate of antibiotics by composting was ≥85%. After 42 days, the tetracycline resistance gene (TRG) and fluoroquinolone resistance gene (FRG) encoding ribosomal protective protein (RPP) and efflux pump (EFP) can be effectively removed. In contrast, the TRG encoding enzyme inactivation (EI) and sulfa resistance genes (SRG) was enriched 31 times (single low sul 2 in SM1). Statistical analysis shows that the behavior of these antibiotics and ARGs is controlled by microbial activities and is significantly affected by environmental factors (mainly C/N, moisture, and pH) throughout the composting process. 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479718310843