摘要

       分析抗生素、抗生素抗性基因 (ARGs) 和功能群落的时间动态有助于调节和优化污水处理厂 (WWTP) 的运行，以在不同季节实现更好的抗生素和 ARGs 去除性能。然而，这方面的研究很少。因此，在本研究中，每两周从位于中国北京的污水处理厂的膜生物反应器 (MBR) 的进水、活性污泥 (AS) 和渗透液中收集样品，每两周一次，超过 13 个月，然后进行系统分析。通过生物降解和吸附对所有检测到的抗生素的去除率为59.25±2.79％，夏季观察到的最高率为64.79±4.68％，表明夏季较高的温度可能促进MBR的生物降解。相比之下，通过微滤消除抗生素是微不足道的，不利的，整体去除率为负。然而，仅在冬季观察到 9.48±8.92% 的阳性排斥率，表明较冷的温度可能会导致更好但仍然有限的抗生素排斥。磺胺类药物 (SA) 更有可能对其相应的 ARG 施加选择压力。然而，由于四环素 (TCs) 的可降解性和进入污水处理厂之前废水中 ARGs 的潜在选择，仍然存在不可检测的 TCs 的 TC 抗性。在硝化细菌（Nitrosomonas 和 Nitrospira）的相对丰度与某些抗生素类别的浓度之间观察到显着的负相关，表明硝化细菌可能通过硝化过程中的酶催化参与某些抗生素的共代谢生物降解。

       Analyzing the time dynamics of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and functional communities can help regulate and optimize the operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to achieve better antibiotic and ARGs removal performance in different seasons. However, there are few studies in this area. Therefore, in this study, samples were collected from the influent, activated sludge (AS), and permeate of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) of the sewage treatment plant in Beijing, China, every two weeks, and more than 13 Months, and then conduct a system analysis. The removal rate of all detected antibiotics through biodegradation and adsorption was 59.25±2.79%, and the highest rate observed in summer was 64.79±4.68%, indicating that higher temperatures in summer may promote the biodegradation of MBR. In contrast, the elimination of antibiotics by microfiltration is trivial, unfavorable, and the overall removal rate is negative. However, a positive rejection rate of 9.48±8.92% was observed only in winter, indicating that colder temperatures may lead to better but still limited antibiotic rejection. Sulfonamides (SA) are more likely to exert selective pressure on their corresponding ARG. However, due to the degradability of tetracyclines (TCs) and the potential selection of ARGs in wastewater before entering sewage treatment plants, there is still undetectable TC resistance of TCs. A significant negative correlation was observed between the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira) and the concentration of certain antibiotic classes, indicating that nitrifying bacteria may participate in the co-metabolism biodegradation of certain antibiotics through enzyme catalysis in the nitrification process.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896971832895X