摘要

       抗生素耐药性的传播是世界范围内人类健康面临的挑战，减少耐药基因引起了人们的广泛关注。为了解它们在不同治疗过程中的发生情况，本研究对四类抗生素（四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类）、八种抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）（tetB、tetW、sul1、sul2、gyrA、qepA、ermB、和 ermF），以及在典型的制药厂中研究了两种移动元素（int1 和 int2）。处理过程中检测到的抗生素总浓度在2.6×102～2.5×103 ng/L范围内，生物处理单元检测到高丰度的ARGs。动态趋势分析表明，在厌氧/好氧过程中抗生素被部分去除，其中 ARGs 增殖。 tetB和gyrA基因的丰度与pH和EC呈正相关（p< 0.05），tetW、sul1和sul2基因与TOC、TN、DO显着相关（p< 0.05），说明理化性质的影响ARG 亚型水平的解决方案。系统发育分析表明，tetW克隆与一些病原微生物具有高度同源性，如肺炎克雷伯菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌等，可能威胁人类健康。结果表明，水平转移是 ARG 进化的主要驱动力。

       The spread of antibiotic resistance is a challenge to human health worldwide, and reducing resistance genes has aroused widespread concern. In order to understand their occurrence in different treatment processes, this study analyzed four types of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides), eight antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (tetB, tetW, sul1). , Sul2, gyrA, qepA, ermB, and ermF), and two mobile elements (int1 and int2) are studied in a typical pharmaceutical factory. The total concentration of antibiotics detected during the treatment was in the range of 2.6×102～2.5×103 ng/L, and the biological treatment unit detected high abundance of ARGs. Dynamic trend analysis showed that antibiotics were partially removed during the anaerobic/aerobic process, and ARGs proliferated. The abundance of tetB and gyrA genes was positively correlated with pH and EC (p<0.05), tetW, sul1 and sul2 genes were significantly correlated with TOC, TN, and DO (p<0.05), indicating that the physical and chemical properties affect the level of ARG subtypes solution. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the tetW clone has a high degree of homology with some pathogenic microorganisms, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, which may threaten human health. The results show that horizontal transfer is the main driving force for the evolution of ARG.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-2913-2