摘要
      随着水资源重复利用作为一种可持续的水资源管理策略的不断增加，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）已被确定为废水中新出现的污染物，正吸引着全球的关注。鉴于废水处理厂目前已被公认为细胞相关和非细胞相关形式ARG的汇点和来源，人们认识到有必要减少其扩散并保护公众健康。由于其不同的特性，细胞相关和非细胞相关的ARG可能对膜过滤过程有不同的反应，膜过滤过程被广泛用作二级出水的高级处理。这篇综述提高了对废水和二次出水中细胞相关和非细胞相关ARGs丰度的理解，并比较了低压和高压膜过滤工艺对细胞相关和无细胞相关形式ARGs的消除。前一个过程使细胞相关ARG的浓度平均降低2个以上。观察到非细胞相关ARGs的保留效率随着超滤中分子量截止值的降低而增加。高压膜过滤（即纳滤和反渗透）可以有效消除细胞相关和非细胞相关的ARG，平均减少量超过4.6千克。通常，这两种形式的ARGs可以通过膜过滤过程通过尺寸排斥、吸附和静电排斥的作用从水中去除。细胞相关和非细胞相关ARG的大小和构象、膜的特性、共存物质和生物膜的形成影响ARG的保留。污染物和浓缩物中细胞相关和非细胞相关ARGs的积累和潜在增殖以及相应的控制策略值得未来的研究。
Abstract
With increasing water reuse as a sustainable water management strategy, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which have been identified as emerging contaminants in wastewater are attracting global attentions. Given that wastewater treatment plants are now well-established as a sink and source of ARGs in both cell-associated and non-cell-associated forms, a need is acknowledged to reduce their proliferation and protect public health. Due to their different characteristics, cell-associated and non-cell-associated ARGs may have distinct responses to membrane filtration processes which are widely used as advanced treatment to the secondary effluent. This review improves the understanding of the abundance of cell-associated and non-cell-associated ARGs in wastewaters and the secondary effluents and compares the elimination of ARGs in cell-associated and non-cell-associated forms by low-pressure and high-pressure membrane filtration processes. The former process reduces the concentration of cell-associated ARGs by more than 2-logs on average. An increase of the retention efficiency of non-cell-associated ARGs is observed with decreasing molecular weight cut-offs in ultrafiltration. The high-pressure membrane filtration (i.e., nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) can effectively eliminate both cell-associated and non-cell-associated ARGs, with averagely more than 4.6-log reduction. In general, the two forms of ARGs can be removed from water by the membrane filtration processes via the effects of size exclusion, adsorption, and electrostatic repulsion. The size and conformation of cell-associated and non-cell-associated ARGs, characteristics of membranes, coexisting substances, and biofilm formation influence ARG retention. Accumulation and potential proliferation of cell-associated and non-cell-associated ARGs in foulants and concentrate and corresponding control strategies warrant future research.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722023439