摘要
      了解抗生素耐药性在自然土壤生态系统中的未来分布，对于预测其在预测的气候变化情景下对生态系统和人类健康的影响至关重要。因此，破译气候变暖和抗生素耐药性之间的联系是至关重要的，也是及时的，这是地球上最紧迫的两个问题。在这里，我们探讨了五年模拟气候变暖（+4°C）对种植园和天然林生态系统中三个季节土壤抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）多样性和比例的影响。我们发现，变暖对ARG数量和比例的积极影响取决于采样季节（夏季、秋季和冬季），季节性是驱动森林土壤中ARG组成模式的关键因素。15种ARG对常见抗生素产生耐药性，包括氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类林克酰胺链脲菌素B、多药类、磺酰胺类和四环素类，在加温治疗中显著富集。我们发现，土壤性质和细菌、真菌和原生生物群落组成的变化可以解释气候变暖下土壤ARG的变化。总之，这些发现促进了我们对未来气候变化背景下环境ARG的理解，并表明温度升高可能会促进特定土壤ARG的丰富，对生态系统和人类健康具有重要影响。
Abstract
Understanding the future distribution of antibiotic resistance in natural soil ecosystems is important to forecast their impacts on ecosystem and human health under projected climate change scenarios. Therefore, it is critical and timely to decipher the links between climate warming and antibiotic resistance, two of Earth’s most imminent problems. Here, we explored the role of five-year simulated climate warming (+ 4 °C) on the diversity and proportions of soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across three seasons in both plantation and natural forest ecosystems. We found that the positive effects of warming on the number and proportions of ARGs were dependent on the sampling seasons (summer, autumn and winter), and seasonality was a key factor driving the patterns of ARG compositions in forest soils. Fifteen ARGs, conferring resistance to common antibiotics including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, multidrug, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, were significantly enriched in the warming treatment. We showed that changes in soil properties and community compositions of bacteria, fungi and protists can explain the changes in soil ARGs under climate warming. Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of environmental ARGs under the context of future climate change and suggest that elevated temperature may promote the abundance of specific soil ARGs, with important implications for ecosystem and human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422002308