摘要
      土壤是抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的潜在宿主，居住着许多微生物。土壤中的许多微生物嵌入细胞外聚合物的自产基质中，形成细胞上结构，即生物膜。土壤生物膜代表了土壤中主要的微生物生活方式，被认为是水平基因转移的热点。在此，我们在宏观和微观尺度上讨论了ARGs在土壤环境中的分布、转移和命运。还讨论了微流体平台在研究土壤生物膜和ARGs转移方面的应用，该平台具有模拟复杂土壤环境和允许在微尺度上研究微生物行为的优势，并结合高通量测序和其他创新平台。这篇综述旨在强调土壤生物膜在ARGs传播中被忽视的作用，以扩展目前关于ARGs在土壤微环境中的有限知识。
Abstract
Soil, a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), is inhabited by numerous microorganisms. Many microorganisms in soil are embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances to form supracellular structures, i.e., biofilms. Representing the predominant microbial lifestyle in soil, soil biofilms are considered hot spots of horizontal gene transfer. Herein, we discuss the distribution, transfer, and fate of ARGs in the soil environment at macro- and micro-scales. Applications of microfluidic platforms, with an advantage of mimicking complex soil environments and permitting the study of microbial behaviors at a micro-scale, coupled with high-throughput sequencing and other innovative platforms, to study soil biofilms and transfer of ARGs are also discussed. This review aims to highlight the neglected role of soil biofilms in the spread of ARGs to expand the current limited knowledge about ARGs in the soil microenvironment.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2021.1892015