摘要
      生物气溶胶中的致病菌和抗生素抗性基因是对人类健康的主要威胁。本研究调查了新乡市不同空气质量水平下空气中细菌在总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和PM2.5中的微生物群落结构和ARG分布特征。结果表明，随着空气质量的恶化，TSP和PM2.5中的空气传播细菌浓度均下降；然而，致病细菌的相对数量增加了。在TSP和PM2.5中均鉴定出芽孢杆菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌、棒状杆菌、红球菌和葡萄球菌的主要致病菌属。尽管在相同的空气质量条件下，TSP中的空气传播细菌浓度和ARGs的绝对丰度高于PM2.5，但细菌群落结构和致病菌的相对数量相似。此外，还分析了离子、金属元素和气象参数等环境因素与空气传播细菌和致病菌群落结构的关系。可溶性离子和金属元素对总细菌和致病菌的几个优势属的影响不同，可能是由于致病菌对恶劣大气环境的耐受性强。不同亚型的ARGs随着空气质量的变化表现出不同的分布特征。空气质量的恶化会抑制ARGs的传播，因为在严重污染的条件下观察到所有ARGs和1类整合酶intI1的最小值。本研究全面了解了空气污染水平对空气中细菌群落组成和ARG分布的影响。
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bioaerosols are major threats to human health. In this study, the microbial community structure and ARG distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria in total suspended particulates (TSP) and PM2.5 were investigated under different air quality levels in Xinxiang, Central China. The results revealed that with the deterioration of air quality, the concentrations of airborne bacteria in both TSP and PM2.5 decreased; however, the relative amounts of pathogenic bacteria increased. The predominant genera in pathogenic bacteria of Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus were identified in both TSP and PM2.5. Although the airborne bacteria concentrations and absolute abundances of ARGs in TSP were higher than those in PM2.5 under identical air quality conditions, the bacterial community structure and relative amounts of pathogenic bacteria were similar. In addition, the relationship between environmental factors of ions, metal elements, and meteorological parameters and the community structures of airborne bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were also analyzed. The effects of soluble ions and metal elements on several dominant genera of total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria differed, probably due to the strong tolerance of pathogenic bacteria to harsh atmospheric environments Different subtypes of ARGs showed various distribution characteristics with variations in air quality. The deterioration of air quality can inhibit the dissemination of ARGs, as the minimum values of all ARGs and class 1 integrase intI1 were observed under Severely Polluted conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of air pollution levels on the airborne bacteria community composition and ARG distribution.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022000538