摘要
      携带抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的移动遗传元件（MGE）在进入新的细菌宿主时传播ARGs。人类肠道共生体和病原体之间的这种水平基因转移（HGT）事件的性质仍然很差。在这里，我们比较了1354个培养的共生菌株（540种）和45403个病原体菌株（12种），并使用已建立的方法在两组之间发现了64188个MGE介导的ARG转移事件。在5931个MGE中，我们发现了15个宿主范围广泛的元素，这些元素被预测跨越了不同的细菌门，同时也出现在动物和环境微生物群中。我们通过实验证明，预测的宿主范围广泛的MGE可以从共生菌Dorea longicatena和Hungatela hathewayi转移到病原体克雷伯菌oxytoca，同时跨越门。我们的工作在人类肠道共生体和病原体之间建立了MGE介导的ARG传播网络，并强调广泛的宿主范围的MGE是未来ARG传播管理的目标。
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) disseminate ARGs when they mobilise into new bacterial hosts. The nature of such horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events between human gut commensals and pathogens remain poorly characterised. Here, we compare 1354 cultured commensal strains (540 species) to 45,403 pathogen strains (12 species) and find 64,188 MGE-mediated ARG transfer events between the two groups using established methods. Among the 5931 MGEs, we find 15 broad host range elements predicted to have crossed different bacterial phyla while also occurring in animal and environmental microbiomes. We experimentally demonstrate that predicted broad host range MGEs can mobilise from commensals Dorea longicatena and Hungatella hathewayi to pathogen Klebsiella oxytoca, crossing phyla simultaneously. Our work establishes the MGE-mediated ARG dissemination network between human gut commensals and pathogens and highlights broad host range MGEs as targets for future ARG dissemination management.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29096-9