摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）作为一种新型的环境污染物，由于其对人类和动物健康的威胁，越来越受到人们的关注。斑斑鲈鱼（Lateolabrax maculatus）是中国养殖量第三大的海鱼。因此，研究鲈鱼养殖环境中的ARG污染对鲈鱼产业的健康可持续发展具有重要意义。在这里，我们系统地研究了23个抗生素耐药性相关基因（ARRGs）的含量，包括19个ARGs和4个可移动遗传元件，并分析了鲈鱼池塘中的细菌群落组成和环境参数。ARRG的相对丰度（ARRG拷贝数/16S核糖体RNA基因拷贝数）高达3.83×10−2。Sul1是最丰富的ARRG，其次是ereA、intI-1、sul2、dfrA1和aadA。ARRG的变化和水生微生物群的演替主要由水温（WT）、溶解氧（DO）和NO3−驱动。WT与大多数ARG和属于Frankiales目、Micrococcales目、Chitinophagales目和Sphingomonales目的前38个操作分类单位（OTU）中的一些呈正相关。此外，WT与Frankiales目、Xanthomonadales目、Microccales目和Rhizobiales目的一些其他OTU呈负相关。然而，DO和NO3−在特定分类群和ARGs上与WT具有相反的功能。这些结果表明，鲈鱼池是ARGs的蓄水池，主要受营养、温度和氧气的驱动，并诱导特定的微生物类群。可以对环境因素（增加DO和NO3−）进行调节，以降低水产养殖池塘的耐药性风险。因此，环境因素和特定分类群可以作为ARG污染的指标，并可用于建立抗生素消除系统，从而实现可持续的水产养殖业。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention as novel environmental pollutants because of the threat they impose on human and animal health. The sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is the third most cultured marine fish in China. Therefore, a study of ARG pollution in the sea bass culture environment is of great significance for the healthy and sustainable development of the sea bass industry. Here, we systematic investigated the contents of 23 antibiotic resistance-related genes (ARRGs), including 19 ARGs and four mobile genetic elements, and analyzed bacterial community composition and environmental parameters in sea bass ponds. The relative abundance (ARRG copies/16S ribosomal RNA gene copies) of ARRGs was up to 3.83 × 10−2. Sul1 was the most abundant ARRG, followed by ereA, intI-1, sul2, dfrA1, and aadA. Both the ARRG changes and aquatic microbiota succession were mainly driven by water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and NO3−. WT is positively correlated with the most ARGs and some of the top 38 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to the orders of Frankiales, Micrococcales, Chitinophagales, and Sphingomonadales. Furthermore, WT is negatively related with some other OTUs of the orders Frankiales, Xanthomonadales, Micrococcales, and Rhizobiales. However, DO and NO3− have the opposite function with WT on specific taxa and ARGs. These results indicate that sea bass ponds are reservoirs of ARGs, and are driven mainly by the nutrient, temperature, and oxygen with inducing specific microbial taxa. The regulation of environmental factors (increasing DO and NO3−) can be conducted to reduce drug resistance risk in aquaculture ponds. Therefore, environmental factors and specific taxa could be the indicators of ARG contamination and can be used to establish an antibiotic elimination system and consequently realize a sustainable aquaculture industry.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722002108