摘要
      自从新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，人们一直在猜测新冠肺炎和抗菌药物耐药性如何相互关联。在本研究中，从指定治疗新冠肺炎疫情第一波流行期间的新冠肺炎患者的A医院和没有接受任何新冠肺炎患者的B医院采集未经处理的废水。在确定抗生素耐药基因（ARG）与新冠肺炎时间/发病率的相关性之前，使用宏基因组学来确定ARG的相对丰度和移动潜力。我们的研究结果表明，ARGs对大环内酯类、磺酰胺类和四环素类药物的耐药性在A医院与时间呈正相关，但在B医院与时间无关。同样，B类和D类的轻微超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）和碳青霉烯酶与时间正相关，这表明在A医院选择了罕见和/或碳青霉烯类耐药基因。非碳青霉烯酶blaVEB也与时间和intI1呈正相关，并与6个宏基因组组装基因组（MAG）中的其他ARG（包括碳青霉烯抗性基因）共同存在。这项研究强调了在新冠肺炎大流行期间，抗生素的使用和未经处理的医院废水可能导致抗生素耐药性（AMR）的传播。
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, there has been much speculation about how COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance may be interconnected. In this study, untreated wastewater was sampled from Hospital A designated to treat COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic alongside Hospital B that did not receive any COVID-19 patients. Metagenomics was used to determine the relative abundance and mobile potential of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), prior to determining the correlation of ARGs with time/incidence of COVID-19. Our findings showed that ARGs resistant to macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines were positively correlated with time in Hospital A but not in Hospital B. Likewise, minor extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases of classes B and D were positively correlated with time, suggesting the selection of rare and/or carbapenem-resistant genes in Hospital A. Non-carbapenemase blaVEB also positively correlated with both time and intI1 and was copresent with other ARGs including carbapenem-resistant genes in 6 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). This study highlighted concerns related to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the COVID-19 pandemic that may arise from antibiotic use and untreated hospital wastewater.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.2c01834