摘要
      细菌耐药性是一个自然发生的过程。然而，近年来，细菌抗生素耐药性已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。抗生素在环境中的积累，包括在废水和饮用水中的积累，有助于抗生素耐药性细菌的发展和抗生素耐药性基因的传播。抗生素的消费量越来越大，而且抗生素的消除力度不够，这是有道理的。传统的水处理在促进抗生素和细菌的完全消除方面是无效的，主要是在去除ARGs方面。因此，ARGs可以水平转移到水生环境中的其他微生物中，从而促进抗生素耐药性的传播。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了传统水处理工艺在去除可传播/刺激抗生素耐药性发展的药剂方面的效率，以及有前景的水修复策略，主要是基于纳米技术和微藻的策略。尽管其中一些方法具有潜力，但消除ARGs仍然是一个需要进一步研究的挑战。此外，新工艺的开发必须避免对环境释放新的污染物，如纳米材料合成产生的化学物质，并考虑使用绿色环保的替代品，如生物纳米材料和微藻技术。
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a naturally occurring process. However, bacterial antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major public health problem in recent years. The accumulation of antibiotics in the environment, including in wastewaters and drinking water, has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Such can be justified by the growing consumption of antibiotics and their inadequate elimination. The conventional water treatments are ineffective in promoting the complete elimination of antibiotics and bacteria, mainly in removing ARGs. Therefore, ARGs can be horizontally transferred to other microorganisms within the aquatic environment, thus promoting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we discuss the efficiency of conventional water treatment processes in removing agents that can spread/stimulate the development of antibiotic resistance and the promising strategies for water remediation, mainly those based on nanotechnology and microalgae. Despite the potential of some of these approaches, the elimination of ARGs remains a challenge that requires further research. Moreover, the development of new processes must avoid the release of new contaminants for the environment, such as the chemicals resulting from nanomaterials synthesis, and consider the utilization of green and eco-friendly alternatives such as biogenic nanomaterials and microalgae-based technologies.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/393