摘要
      抗生素抗性基因是土壤系统中重要的生物污染因子，对土壤健康、食品安全和人类健康构成直接或间接的威胁。ARGs的普遍污染通常与有机肥料在农业土壤生态系统中的应用有关。然而，人们对不同土壤中输入粪肥后ARGs的传播和命运知之甚少。本文分别从江西（JX）、浙江（ZJ）和吉林（JL）采集了三种不同的农业土壤，对粪肥相关ARGs的传播潜力和时间动态进行了表征。结果表明，粪肥的投入不会影响土壤中ARGs的总丰度，但会显著改变土壤中ARG的组成。粪肥改良土壤中与粪肥相关的ARGs显著富集，包括对磺酰胺、氨基糖苷、四环素、氯霉素和甲氧苄啶具有抗性的基因，抗性倍数为1.97−27.86。方差划分分析表明，ARG群落的主要方差是由移动遗传元素和细菌谱（>76%）解释的，而不是重金属和抗生素的浓度。此外，在JX、ZJ和JL土壤中，分别有31、37和38个ARG亚型被鉴定为来自粪肥的潜在外源性ARG，包括13个共享的ARG亚类型。研究还发现，在JX和ZJ土壤中，与粪肥相关的ARGs（aadA、sul1、sul2、tetC和tetG）随着培养时间的推移而下降，而在JL土壤中则先减少后增加。JL土壤中这五种ARG的丰度显著高于JX和ZJ土壤中的丰度。总的来说，这一发现表明，土壤类型对农业生态系统中与粪肥相关的ARGs的传播和命运负有责任。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are important biological contamination factors in soil systems, posing direct or indirect threats to soil health, food safety and human health. The ubiquitous pollution of ARGs is usually implicated with the application of organic manures in agricultural soil ecosystem. However, little is known about the transmission and fate of ARGs after manure input concerning different soils. Herein, the transmission potential and temporal dynamics of manure-associated ARGs was characterized with three different agricultural soils collected from Jiangxi (JX), Zhejiang (ZJ), and Jilin (JL), respectively. The results show that manure input did not affect the total abundance of ARGs in the receiving soils, but remarkedly alter the compositions of ARGs in soils. The manure-associated ARGs were significantly enriched in the manure-amended soils, including genes conferring resistance to sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim with the fold of 1.97 − 27.86. Variance partitioning analysis showed that the major variances of ARG community was explained by mobile genetic elements and bacterial profile (> 76%) but not the concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics. Furthermore, 31, 37, and 38 ARG subtypes were identified as the potential extrinsic ARGs derived from manures in the JX, ZJ, and JL soils, respectively, including 13 shared ARG subtypes. It was also found that the manure-associated ARGs (aadA, sul1, sul2, tetC, and tetG) declined with the incubation time in the JX and ZJ soils, whereas they firstly decreased and then increased in the JL soil. The abundance of these five ARGs in the JL soil was significantly higher than that in the JX and ZJ soils. Collectively, this finding revealed that soil type was responsible for the transmission and fate of manure-associated ARGs in agroecosystem.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322010028