摘要
      抗生素被广泛应用于预防和治疗海水养殖中发生的疾病。海水养殖生产系统的开放性导致抗生素残留在养殖和邻近环境中积累，这可能对水生生态系统甚至人类产生不利影响。这篇综述基于同行评审的论文，总结了抗生素在海水养殖系统中的发生、环境行为和生态效应。在世界各地的海水养殖系统中检测到45种不同的抗生素（分为10组），这远远超过了官方允许的数量。亚洲主要生产国滥用抗生素的情况相对较高，这突出表明需要更严格地执行法规和政策以及有效的抗生素去除方法。与其他环境系统相比，海水养殖系统的一些环境特征，如高盐度和溶解有机物（DOM）含量，会影响抗生素的迁移和转化过程。抗生素残留有利于抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的增殖。抗生素和ARGs改变微生物群落和生物地球化学循环，并对海洋生物和人类健康构成威胁。这篇综述可能为抗生素对海水养殖系统的影响提供一个有价值的总结。
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely applied to prevent and treat diseases occurred in mariculture. The often-open nature of mariculture production systems has led to antibiotic residue accumulation in the culturing and adjacent environments, which can adversely affect aquatic ecosystems, and even human. This review summarizes the occurrence, environmental behavior, and ecological effects of antibiotics in mariculture systems based on peer-reviewed papers. Forty-five different antibiotics (categorized into ten groups) have been detected in mariculture systems around the world, which is far greater than the number officially allowed. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics is relatively high among major producing countries in Asia, which highlights the need for stricter enforcement of regulations and policies and effective antibiotic removal methods. Compared with other environmental systems, some environmental characteristics of mariculture systems, such as high salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, can affect the migration and transformation processes of antibiotics. Residues of antibiotics favor the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotics and ARGs alter microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles, as well as posing threats to marine organisms and human health. This review may provide a valuable summary of the effects of antibiotics on mariculture systems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121021230