摘要

抗生素广泛应用于海水养殖业，本研究试图确定中国13个主要海水养殖场的抗生素残留对水体和沉积物的污染程度。通过化学和分子生物学分析，结果表明，水样中磺胺和四环素的总浓度分别在62.0-373.8 ng L-1和0.2-259.1 ng L-1之间，范围在0.19-1.59 ng g-1干重和3.45-74.84 ng g-1干重的沉积物样品。在所有位点检测到抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的发生。与四环素抗性基因相比，耐盐基因的绝对拷贝数和相对丰度分别是海水养殖场水体和沉积物中的4.3倍和2.3倍，主要抗性基因是sul2。水相中sul3的丰度与磺胺甲基嘧啶的浓度显着相关，而在磺胺嘧啶浓度下，沉积物相中sul2的丰度明显。沉积物相中tetM的丰度与土霉素的浓度显着相关。研究结果表明，中国东南部主要海水养殖场的抗生素残留和ARGs持续存在。

Antibiotics are widely used in mariculture industry, and this study attempts to determine the extent of water and sediment pollution by antibiotic residues in 13 major mariculture sites in China. Through chemical and molecular biology analysis, the results showed that the total concentrations of sulfonamides and tetracyclines were in the range 62.0–373.8 ng L− 1 and 0.2–259.1 ng L− 1 respectively in water samples, and in the range 0.19–1.59 ng g− 1 dry weight and 3.45–74.84 ng g− 1 dry weight respectively, in sediments samples. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was detected in all sites. Compared with the tetracyclines resistance genes, the absolute copy number and relative abundance of the sulfonamides resistance genes were 4.3 times and 2.3 times higher in water and sediment from the mariculture sites, with the dominant resistance genes being sul2. The abundance of sul3 in the water phase was significantly correlated with the concentrations of sulfamerazine, while the abundance of sul2 in the sediment phase was significantly with sulfadiazine concentrations. The abundance of tetM in the sediment phase was significantly correlated with the concentrations of oxytetracycline. The findings demonstrate the persistence of antibiotic residues and ARGs in major mariculture sites in Southeast China.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716327620