目的：
本研究旨在评估从人和动物胃活检样本中分离的幽门螺杆菌菌株的流行率，抗生素抗性模式和基因分型状态。

患者和方法：
从人（儿童和成人）和动物（牛，绵羊和山羊）中随机收集总共1,150个胃活组织检查样本。对所有样品进行培养，尿素酶试验和组织病理学检查。使用16S rRNA基因PCR扩增也证实了幽门螺杆菌分离株。通过盘扩散法评估抗生素抗性模式。通过PCR研究不同基因型的分布。

结果：
采用尿素酶试验，培养和组织学检查研究胃活检标本中幽门螺杆菌的患病率分别为57.04％，55.40％和60.80％。从成年人（78％）和绵羊（70％）收集的样本中幽门螺杆菌菌株的流行率最高，而山羊（0.6％）和奶牛（4％）的样本最低。使用基于PCR的16S rRNA扩增确认培养方法的发现。幽门螺杆菌在胃溃疡，十二指肠溃疡，慢性胃炎和慢性癌样品中的分布分别为10.40％，15.70％，96.50％，0.60％和3.14％。幽门螺杆菌菌株对氨苄青霉素（74.4％），克拉霉素（63.4％），甲氧苄啶（61.5％）和甲硝唑（61.5％）的耐药率最高。从不同类型的活检样本中分离出的幽门螺杆菌菌株中最常检测到的基因型是cagA（84.79％），vacA m2（55.95％），vacA s1a（49.84％），cagE（48.58％），iceA1（47.02％）和iceA2（47.02％）。

结论：
抗生素耐药性和毒性基因型的高流行率表明了一个重要的公共卫生问题。从人和动物分离的幽门螺杆菌菌株的抗生素抗性和基因分型模式的相似性可能显示其相似的感染途径。

PURPOSE:
The present study was done to assess the prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance pattern and genotyping status of the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from human and animal gastric biopsy samples.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A total of 1,150 gastric biopsy samples were randomly collected from humans (children and adults) and animals (cows, sheep and goats). All samples were subjected to culture, urease test and histopathologic examination. H. pylori isolates were also confirmed using the 16S rRNA gene PCR-amplification. Antibiotic resistance pattern was assessed by the disk diffusion method. Distribution of different genotypes was studied by PCR.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of H. pylori in gastric biopsy samples which were studied using urease test, culture and histological examination were 57.04%, 55.40% and 60.80%, respectively. Samples that were collected from adult humans (78%) and sheep (70%) had the highest prevalence of H. pylori strains, while those of goats (0.6%) and cows (4%) had the lowest. Findings of the culture method were confirmed using PCR-based amplification of 16S rRNA. Distribution of H. pylori among the gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis gastric cancer and chronic cancer samples were 10.40%, 15.70%, 96.50%, 0.60% and 3.14%, respectively. H. pylori strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (74.4%), clarithromycin (63.4%), trimethoprim (61.5%) and metronidazole (61.5%). The most commonly detected genotypes among the H. pylori strains isolated from different types of biopsy samples were cagA (84.79%), vacA m2 (55.95%), vacA s1a (49.84%), cagE (48.58%), iceA1 (47.02%) and iceA2 (47.02%).

CONCLUSION:
High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulent genotypes indicates an important public health issue. Similarities in antibiotic resistance and genotyping pattern of H. pylori strains isolated from humans and animals may show their similar routes of infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30588039