摘要

抗生素的过度使用和滥用会促进抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的产生，对人类健康和生态环境构成潜在威胁。本研究首次对长江（江苏段）污水、底泥和污水处理厂（STP）出水中15种抗生素及其相应的ARGs进行了分析，探讨了它们在长江（江苏段）的发生与相关性。红霉素-H2O（EM-H2O）（2.08–30 ng L 1）和氧氟沙星（OFL）（290–8400 ng kg 1）的浓度分别在水中和沉积物中最高，EM-H2O和克拉霉素（CLA）对水生生物的风险最高。污水处理厂出水中抗生素浓度明显高于水中（p<0.05）。在污水处理厂中，诺氟沙星（NOR）是最主要的抗生素，其去除率较低（38%-51%）；污水处理厂废水中NOR的浓度比水中高4-6个数量级。此外，下游的抗生素浓度和相应的ARG丰度均高于上游，说明高浓度的STPs可能是河流污染的重要来源。此外，污水处理后，抗生素的浓度和ARGs的含量可能会增加。结果还显示了所有采样点的sul1和sul2流行率。int1与sul1、sul2之间存在显著相关性（p<0.0001），这是由于int1对ARGs传播的贡献。总的来说，本研究显示了长江（江苏段）抗生素和ARGs的流行及其不一致的相关性，为进一步调查抗生素和ARGs的发生和传播提供了支持。

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics could promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pose a potential risk to human health and the ecological environment. In this study, fifteen antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs in water, sediment and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent were analysed to investigate their occurrence and correlation in the Yangtze River (Jiangsu section) for the first time. The concentrations of erythromycin-H₂O (EM-H₂O) (2.08–30 ng L⁻¹) and ofloxacin (OFL) (290–8400 ng kg⁻¹) were the highest in the water and sediment, respectively, and EM-H₂O and clarithromycin (CLA) posed the highest risks to aquatic organisms. The concentrations of antibiotics in STP effluent were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the water. Norfloxacin (NOR) was the most predominant antibiotic, with low removal efficiency (−38%-51%), in STPs; the concentration of NOR in the STP effluent was 4–6 orders of magnitude higher than that in the water. Moreover, the concentrations of antibiotics and their corresponding ARG abundance in downstream were higher than those in upstream, suggesting that STPs with high concentration levels might be an important source of river contamination. Additionally, the concentrations of antibiotics and the abundance of ARGs might increase after the sewage treatment process. The results also showed the prevalence of sul1 and sul2 in all the sampling sites. Significant correlations (p < 0.0001) were detected between int1 and sul1 and sul2, which resulted from the contribution of int1 to the propagation of ARGs. Overall, this study demonstrated the prevalence of antibiotics and ARGs and their inconsistent correlations in the Yangtze River (Jiangsu section) and provides support for further investigation of the occurrence and spread of antibiotics and ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749119345257